Thursday, September 5, 2024

What Are Different Types of Engineering

Engineering continues to be a thriving college major, as the number of engineering graduates has increased. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, nearly 140,000 new engineering jobs are expected to be created between 2016 and 2026.




With so many different types of engineering jobs, it can be challenging for prospective and early-career undergraduate students to decide which track to pursue.


Engineers serve in various roles, from creating, improving and maintaining massive structures like highways and bridges to designing smaller items like laptops, smartphones and athletic sneakers. Aerospace engineers design and test technology used in spacecraft, aircraft and satellites while biomedical engineers help create medicine and technology to advance human health.


While faculty members at engineering programs say that both aerospace and biomedical engineering majors are increasing in popularity, these disciplines are not as common across the U.S. as some other fields.

Four of the most common engineering majors offered at most U.S. engineering schools are:
Civil engineering
Electrical engineering
Mechanical engineering
Chemical engineering

Civil Engineering

Civil engineers work on civil infrastructure projects that affect the quality of life in various communities in major ways. These projects include highways, bridges, skyscrapers and wastewater treatment plants.

Civil engineers often communicate with architects, contractors and government officials to complete projects. People attracted to civil engineering typically want to make a huge impact on society, says Zachary Grasley, head of the civil and environmental engineering department at Texas A&M University.


“We build things that put the public at potential risk,” Grasley says. “If a bridge collapses, people die. If a building collapses, people die.”


Unlike some other engineering fields, most civil engineers are expected to have professional licenses and receive continuing education. Having good character and not cutting corners are important qualities for civil engineers.


In addition, civil engineering is a great option for those interested in becoming entrepreneurs, experts say. Several Texas A&M graduates have started consulting or construction firms, Grasley says.


“It's hard to develop a mom-and-pop automobile company, whereas there are thousands of engineering firms across the country,” he says.


The median annual earnings for civil engineers in the U.S. was $95,890 in 2023, according to the BLS.


Grasley said that while starting salaries for civil engineering positions aren’t as high as those for computer science majors, civil engineering offers plenty of opportunities for growth and increased compensation starting at the mid-career level.

Electrical Engineering


Electrical engineers design and test electrical equipment and systems used in machines, boats, auto motors, cellphones and cameras.


Students interested in electrical engineering should consider the type of problems they are interested in solving, says Maria Yang, deputy dean of engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's School of Engineering.


“Would you be drawn to developing control strategies for making sure the electrical grid runs safely, to the signal processing algorithms that process audio, to the coding strategies for sending data wirelessly faster and more reliably?” Yang wrote in a text message.


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